| Type | Statutory Corporation |
|---|---|
| Industry | Broadcasting |
| Founded | 1 June 1960 |
| Headquarters | Montrose, Donnybrook, Dublin & Fr. Mathew Street, Cork, Republic of Ireland |
| Area served | Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland Rest of the world (via internet, satellite, digital and analogue services) |
| Key people | Glen Killane (Managing Director of Television) |
| Products | Television |
| Website | http://www.rte.ie/tv/ |
RTÉ Television is a department of Ireland's state broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann (RTÉ). The first channel to broadcast was Telefís Éireann which began broadcasting on 31 December 1961.[1] Since the 1960s, RTÉ Television has rapidly changed to include further television channels and provide television services with the latest digital technologies.
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In terms of radio, Ireland was one of the first countries in Europe to embrace this medium of communication, but was a relative late comer to television. Unlike its European counterparts the Government of Ireland did not utilize the medium of television until 1961. Countries such as the United Kingdom (1922), France (1935) and Italy (1954) embraced television before Ireland. Prior to the launch of the Republic of Ireland's national broadcaster RTÉ, television services were available though limited from Northern Ireland through BBC Northern Ireland and UTV.
Proposed Channels
With the launch of digital terrestrial television in the Republic of Ireland. Saorview will give RTÉ the opportunity to offer viewers greater choice. In the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland RTÉ aspire to provide viewers with additional channels which will include a high-definition channel RTÉ Two HD Select,[2] RTÉ Plus,[3] a combined offering of RTÉ's children's services which includes RTÉjr and TRTÉ and RTÉ Aertel Digital which will include an enhanced digital teletext service.[4] Existing services include RTÉ One, RTÉ Two and RTÉ News Now.
RTÉ International has been put forward for the last number of years. The Department of Communications, Energy and Natural Recourses would like to see the roll out of this service in the near future however RTÉ's main area of International Broadcast has been to provide their services via their website and RTÉ Player.
It was initially proposed that RTÉ Three would be part of the forthcoming services as details of this channels were provided to the Broadcasting Authority of Ireland (BAI) with RTÉ NL's application for the commercial DTT Muxes with UPC Ireland under the name EasyTV.[5]
In the late 1950s, a Television Committee was formed; their goal was to set up an Irish television service with as little financial commitment from Dublin as possible. It initially recommended setting up a service along the lines of ITV, plus five mountain tops as transmission sites, which were also equipped for FM radio transmission. However, since Éamon de Valera was somewhat wary of television, nothing more of consequence was done until Seán Lemass succeeded him as Taoiseach in 1959. A year later, Radio Éireann was converted from an arm of the Department of Posts and Telegraphs[6] into a semi-state body and given responsibility for television. Eamonn Andrews was appointed as the new chairman.
Telefís Éireann began broadcasting at 19:00 on New Year's Eve, 1961.[1] (It was originally supposed to go on the air on Christmas of that year, but Andrews gave the 'Radio Éireann' staff time off for Christmas.) The opening address by President de Valera described the benefits and disadvantages of the new medium; he went on to say that 'Like atomic energy, it can be used for incalculable good, but it can also do irreparable harm.' There were other messages from Cardinal d'Alton and Lemass; following this, a live concert was broadcast from the Gresham Hotel in Dublin. The show, which was a countdown to the New Year, was hosted by Andrews, with appearances by Patrick O'Hagan, the Artane Boys' Band and Michael O'Hehir.
Television opened up a completely new world to the Irish people. Topics which were hitherto not discussed in Ireland, such as abortion, contraception and various other controversial topics, were now being openly discussed in television studios; The Late Late Show, which began in July 1962 and continues to run on RTÉ One.[7] Its original host, Gay Byrne, pioneered many of these discussions, and has been credited with being a major influence in the changing social structure of Ireland.
RTÉ was the first broadcaster to have public System I 625-line transmissions in 1962, two years before the launch of BBC Two in that format. The broadcaster made its first official colour transmissions in 1969 – although a mistake in standards conversion may have transmitted the 1968 Wimbledon Men's Finals in colour. The first programme made in colour by RTÉ was the documentary special "John Hume's Derry", under the 7 Days banner. Since 1969 RTÉ could transmit programmes made in colour which were imported from UK & US which were shown on RTÉ Television. The next phase was outside-broadcasts in colour, and the first was Ireland's hosting of the Eurovision Song Contest 1971 & Railway Cup Finals 1971, the first of many such productions by RTE. The first studios at RTÉ's headquarters in Donnybrook went into colour in 1972. This was followed by the news studios in 1974. All of RTÉ's studios at Donnybrook, Dublin were equipped for colour broadcasts by 1976. The last studio in RTÉ to go into colour was Studio 1 the then-home of Ireland's flagship talkshow The Late Late Show.
In 1977, a new government came to power, and as one of its many promises, the government quickly authorised a second channel to be run by RTÉ. RTÉ 2's remit was to provide alternative television. As a consequence, the original RTÉ 2 schedule had many live relays of British programmes; however, there was also some original RTÉ 2 programming. The new television channel went on the air on 2 November 1978, and the opening night featured a gala variety show from the Cork Opera House.
In 1987, RTÉ 2 was renamed Network 2, with the revamp intended to revive flagging viewership ratings, with many preferring to watch BBC Northern Ireland or UTV, both accessible within much of the Republic. All sports coverage was transferred to the newly renamed channel, along with all children's programmes. The few Irish-language programmes provided by RTÉ were now broadcast on Network 2, although RTÉ One now also broadcasts Irish-language programmes.
In 1992, RTÉ became a shareholder in Euronews. The 24 hour pan-European news channel operated by members of the European Broadcasting Union.
Although Irish language programmes, such as news bulletins (Nuacht) and the long-running documentary series Léargas ('insight'), have been an integral part of the schedule, a new Irish-language TV service, Teilifís na Gaeilge (now TG4), began broadcasting in 1996.
Ahead of the 50th anniversary of RTÉ Television, John Bowman wrote a history of RTÉ Television called Window and Mirror. RTÉ Television: 1961-2011, which was launched by Taoiseach Enda Kenny at the National Museum in Dublin on 23 November 2011.[8] TV50 was launched by RTÉ on 26 December 2011.[9] In December 2011 RTÉ launched TV50, which will celebrate 50 years of Irish life on television throughout 2012, beginning on 1 January 2012.
RTÉ developed its only major studio complex outside Dublin in Cork. RTÉ Cork, opened in 1995 and became a huge success. It also became a large contributor to network output on both Radio One and RTÉ One.
Presently, both RTÉ One and RTÉ Two provide round-the-clock broadcasts seven days a week, providing comprehensive coverage of news, current affairs, sport, music, drama and entertainment. Most of the broadcasts are in English, including programming imported from the UK, US, Australia, New Zealand and Canada. Foreign language movies (and more rarely, television shows) are occasionally aired, and are subtitled in English rather than dubbed. From 20 September RTÉ Two's long running children's strand The Den is to be replaced by RTÉjr and TRTÉ.
| Hours | RTÉ One | RTÉ Two | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Early Morning | 05:00 - 06:00 | EuroNews | Euronews |
| Morning | 06:00 - 08:30 | Lifestyle / Repeats | TRTÉ/RTÉjr |
| 08:30 - 09:00 | RTÉjr | ||
| 09:00 - 12:00 | US Lifestyle (e.g. Dr. Phil) | ||
| Daytime | |||
| 12:00 - 13:00 | |||
| 13:00 - 13:30 | News | ||
| 13:30 - 15:30 | Soap Operas | ||
| 15:30 - 16:00 | TRTÉ | ||
| 16:00 - 17:30 | 4 Live/The Daily Show | ||
| 17:30 - 18:00 | Nuacht RTÉ | Two Tube | |
| Prime Time | |||
| 18:00 - 19:00 | Six One | ||
| 19:00 - 21:00 | Lifestyle/Soap | Documentaries/Sports | |
| 21:00 - 23:00 | RTÉ News and Current Affairs, Chat Shows, Irish Drama and Arts | First Look American Drama, Irish Comedy and alternative entertainment | |
| Late Night | 23:00 - 06:00 | Repeats Prime Time and Daytime, Movies (British, Canadian and Australian Drama) | RTÉ News, Alternative Music, First look US programming |
Northern Ireland
Great Britain
International
In the meantime, all RTÉ news and current affairs programmes, as well as specials like the St. Patrick's Day parade and Easter mass, started to stream live free around the world on 17 March 2007 at http://www.rte.ie/live/. RTÉ have since launched an international versions of the RTÉ player which provides access to RTÉ News Now as a live stream and access to made of their Irish programmes.[12]
From the outset, RTÉ had faced competition from key European broadcasters, particularly the United Kingdom's BBC. RTÉ's approach was pragmatic, as it introduced cable television in the 1970s, initially known as RTÉ Relays, and subsequently (following mergers with other companies) as Cablelink, although it later sold its stake in the company, to NTL Ireland which has now become UPC Ireland. In the 1990s, further competition came from satellite television, especially from Sky. UK terrestrial TV channels are now commonly available throughout the Republic of Ireland, but the number of channels received varies depending on the region. Despite this availability, RTÉ still manages to achieve over 40% of the total TV audience for all channels.
From March 2007, content from RTÉ One (and its sister network RTÉ Two) has been available online on RTÉ.ie. In May 2009, RTÉ launched RTÉ player which is an on demand catch-up service.[13]
RTÉ introduced digital on-screen graphics for both RTÉ One and RTÉ Two in 2004 a move which has proven somewhat controversial despite TV3 using them from the outset and TG4 since 1999. In late 2004, RTÉ produced the third series of the talent show 'You're a Star' in widescreen (i.e. the aspect ratio of 16:9). This was RTÉ's first official 16:9 production but the programme wasn't actually available to viewers in 16:9 format even on digital platforms. Instead, it was broadcast like all other 16:9 programmes in the 14:9 'letterbox' aspect ratio. It was not until March 2005 that RTÉ One and RTÉ Two began broadcasting some programmes in true 16:9 format on digital platforms. This was followed by a complete switchover to 16:9 output on both television channels in May 2005 with the exception of a few programmes. This did not require a make-over of the on-screen identity of the two channels because all of the idents and other presentation output had already been created in 16:9 (as far back as September 2003 for RTÉ One and October 2004 for RTÉ Two) in anticipation of such a switchover. RTÉ's news bulletins (and the rest of the news and current affairs programming) were not broadcast in 16:9 until 28 August 2006 when RTÉ's news output was given a new look.
Since 2003, RTÉ has branded its television programmes under a number of different genres. Each genre operates broadly under a Commissioning Editor, except for RTÉ News and Current Affairs which are separately structured and controlled. The genres are;
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